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Conducting a legal search at the Nigerian Land Registry is one of the most important steps when buying property. It helps you confirm ownership, avoid fraud, and verify that the land or property is free from government acquisition or legal disputes. This guide will walk you through the essential steps involved in performing a legal search and the key documents you need.
The Nigerian property market has experienced its fair share of fraud. According to data from the Nigeria Deposit Insurance Corporation (NDIC), land-related fraud is among the most reported scams in the country, costing millions of naira annually. A legal search helps mitigate this risk by verifying if the property has a valid title, determining if there are any encumbrances, and confirming whether the property is part of government-owned land.
Before heading to the Land Registry, you need the survey plan of the land or the property details (like the property number or name of the owner). A survey plan is a detailed map of the land, drawn and approved by a registered surveyor, which helps in identifying the specific location of the property.
In Nigeria, every state has its own Land Registry. To perform a search, you must visit the Land Registry in the state where the property is located. For example, if you’re looking to buy land in Lagos, you must visit the Lagos State Land Registry.
You’ll need to submit a formal application to the Land Registry. This is a standard procedure that involves filling out an application form and attaching the necessary documents (such as the survey plan or deed of assignment). The application may also require a fee, depending on the state. Fees typically range from ₦5,000 to ₦20,000, but this can vary.
After submitting your application, you will need to pay a processing fee. Keep in mind that payment systems vary depending on the state’s Land Registry. For instance, some states accept online payments while others still rely on manual payments at designated banks.
The Land Registry will now conduct the search. This search verifies that the title documents are authentic and checks if there are any legal encumbrances (e.g., court judgments, unpaid property taxes, or mortgages). The process typically takes 2 to 7 working days, depending on the workload of the Registry.
Once the search is complete, you will receive a Search Report. This report provides details on:
For instance, if you’re purchasing land in Lagos and the search reveals that the land is under government acquisition, this means you cannot legally buy the property unless it is excised (released from acquisition).
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Many guides do not talk about the hidden challenges involved in performing a legal search. Here are a few common issues:
Many states, such as Lagos and the Federal Capital Territory (Abuja), have begun digitizing their Land Registries. This allows potential buyers and lawyers to perform online searches. While the process is still in its early stages, it promises to reduce delays and improve transparency.
A typical land search takes between 2 to 7 working days. However, in some cases, delays due to incomplete records or registry backlogs may occur.
Yes, in some states like Lagos and Abuja, you can now conduct online land searches. This system is still being rolled out across other states.
If you purchase land without performing a legal search, you risk buying property with encumbrances such as legal disputes, mortgages, or government acquisitions, which can result in financial loss or legal battles.
A Certificate of Occupancy is a legal document issued by the government, granting an individual or corporate body the right to occupy a piece of land for a specified number of years.
Performing a legal search at the Nigerian Land Registry is a critical step in property transactions. It not only protects you from fraud but also ensures that your investment is sound. As more states digitize their records, this process will become faster and more efficient. But until then, it’s vital to follow the traditional process thoroughly, engage a qualified lawyer, and understand the risks involved in property transactions.
Also Read:
How to Avoid Real Estate Fraud in Nigeria: Legal Guide
Understanding the Land Use Act in Nigeria: A Comprehensive Guide
How to Verify Property Titles in Nigeria: A Comprehensive Guide
How to Obtain Certificate of Occupancy in Nigeria: A Comprehensive Guide
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